Kaunas is located in central Lithuania, at coordinates: 54° 54' N / 23° 54' E

- 58.3 miles WNW of Vilnius [Vilna]
- Presently in Kaunas District
- Formerly in Kovno Gubernia

Kaunas is the current Lithuanian spelling.
In Yiddish it was known as Kovno, Kowno or Kovna.
In German it was known as Kauen.
Kaunas in Russian: Kovno in Russian:

Jewish Population (Based on Census Pre-War Figures) = 25,044
From Black Book of Localities Whose Jewish Population Was Exterminated By the Nazis
Published by Yad Vashem, 1965, Jerusalem

About Kaunas
From Yahadut Lita (Lithuanian Jewry), Volume 3
Published by The Association of The Lithuanian Jews in Israel, 1967, Tel Aviv

[To be translated]

Coat of Arms - Kaunas received city rights in February 1408 from Grand Duke Vytautas. The oldest seals of Kaunas date from the late 15th century and show a shield with an ox walking upwards. The ox was a highly prized and revered beasts and only the dukes and high nobility were allowed to hunt them. It was probably chosen as a symbol for strength and honour. On the second seal, dating from 1492 a small cross appears above the back of the ox. It was the cross of the Teutonic Order and added as a symbol for the German community in the city.